Scoliosis

the complete guide

Published on February 28, 2024
By New Equilibre

SUMMARY :

What is scoliosis?
What are the symptoms of scoliosis?
Scoliosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, congenital abnormalities, or injury. In many cases, the cause is unknown, which is referred to as idiopathic scoliosis.
How to stop the progression of scoliosis?
Orthopedic insoles to relieve scoliosis
When does scoliosis stop progressing?
What makes scoliosis worse?
Is scoliosis a long-term condition?
What's the best sport for scoliosis?

When you or a loved one are faced with scoliosis, it's natural to want to understand this condition and explore the best treatment options.

In this comprehensive guide, we will examine in detail what scoliosis is, its symptoms, causes, available treatments, the use of orthopedic insoles, as well as answer frequently asked questions to help you better manage this condition.

What is scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by abnormal sideways curvature. Normally, the spine has natural curves that allow it to support the body and distribute weight evenly. However, with scoliosis, the spine has an excessive lateral curve, forming an «S» or «C» shape rather than a straight line.

This pathology can develop at different stages of life, but it is often diagnosed during childhood or adolescence, when growth is rapid. Scoliosis can be mild, moderate, or severe, and its severity depends on factors such as the patient's age, the location and degree of the curvature, and the presence of associated symptoms.

It can lead to complications if left untreated, including back pain, body asymmetry, breathing problems, heart disorders, and impaired lung function. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional as soon as signs of scoliosis are detected for an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan.

What are the symptoms of scoliosis?

The symptoms of scoliosis can vary depending on the severity of the spinal curve and the presence of other associated complications. However, here are some common symptoms that may indicate the presence of scoliosis:

Body asymmetry: Scoliosis can cause visible asymmetry, such as shoulders or hips that appear to be misaligned or higher on one side than the other.
Scapula asymmetry: The shoulder blades can appear to be at different heights when you look at them from behind.
Asymmetrical waist: One leg may appear longer than the other, or the pant size may appear uneven.
Back pain: People with scoliosis may experience back pain, particularly in the area where the spine is curved.
Muscle fatigue: The muscles of the spine can tire more quickly in people with scoliosis due to the strain placed on them to compensate for the curvature.
Difficulty breathing: In severe cases of scoliosis, the curvature of the spine can cause compression of the lungs, which can make breathing difficult.

It is important to note that some cases may be asymptomatic, especially if they are mild.

What causes scoliosis?

The exact cause of scoliosis is not always clearly established, but it can result from various factors, including:

Genetic factors: It can sometimes be hereditary, meaning it can be passed from parent to child. Research suggests that there are genes that can predispose a person to developing scoliosis.
Congenital anomalies: Some people may be born with scoliosis due to congenital spinal abnormalities, such as irregular vertebrae or defects in formation.
Rapid growth: Scoliosis can develop during periods of rapid growth, such as childhood and adolescence. During these periods, the spine may be more prone to deformity.
Muscle imbalances: Muscle imbalances or abnormalities in the back muscles can also contribute to the development of scoliosis by exerting uneven traction on the spine.
Environmental factors: Certain environmental factors can also play a role in the development of scoliosis, such as carrying heavy backpacks on one shoulder, poor posture, or excessive use of electronic devices.

It is important to note that in many cases, the specific cause of scoliosis can be unknown, and it can vary from person to person. The management of scoliosis will depend on several factors, including the severity of the curvature, the patient's age, and the presence of associated symptoms.

How can I stop scoliosis from progressing?

Stopping the progression of scoliosis is not simple, but several approaches can slow down or stabilize the curvature of the spine. Here are some strategies that can help stop or slow its progression:

Regular medical follow-up: Regular visits to a doctor or spine specialist are essential to monitor the progression of scoliosis. Regular examinations will detect any changes in the curvature of the spine and adjust the treatment plan if necessary.
Physiotherapy and specific exercises: Targeted muscle-strengthening and flexibility exercises can help stabilize the spine and strengthen the muscles that support posture. A physiotherapist can recommend specific exercises tailored to each patient's situation.
Wearing an orthopedic corset: In cases of moderate to severe scoliosis, wearing an orthopedic corset may be recommended to help maintain the curvature of the spine and prevent it from worsening. The corset is usually worn for several hours a day, particularly during rapid growth in childhood and adolescence.
Spinal fusion surgery: In severe cases of scoliosis, when the curvature of the spine is severe and other treatments have failed to control the progression of the curvature, spinal fusion surgery may be recommended. This procedure involves fixing the vertebrae together using materials such as rods, screws and bone grafts to stabilize the spine and correct the curvature.
Maintaining good posture and healthy lifestyle habits: Adopting good posture and avoiding activities that can aggravate scoliosis, such as carrying heavy backpacks over one shoulder, can help slow the progression of spinal curvature.

It is important to note that the effectiveness of different treatments can vary depending on the severity of scoliosis and the individual needs of each patient. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a doctor or a spine specialist for personalized advice on the best treatment approach for each specific case of this condition.

Orthopedic insoles to relieve scoliosis

Orthopedic insoles, also known as foot orthotics, can be an important part of scoliosis treatment. They are used to help correct postural imbalances and relieve pain associated with scoliosis by supporting the feet and reducing muscular and tendon tension.

Postural correction: Orthopedic insoles are designed to correct biomechanical imbalances that can slow and relieve scoliosis. They can help stabilize the feet, correct defects in pronation or supination, and realign the lower limbs, which can contribute to better overall posture and reduced strain on the spine.
Pain reduction: Orthotics can help reduce the pain associated with this condition by evenly distributing pressure on the feet and supporting the plantar arches. They can also help reduce muscular tension in the back, hips and legs by improving body alignment.
Improved stability: By providing extra support to the feet, orthotics can help improve stability and balance, which can be beneficial for people with scoliosis who may have reduced mobility or impaired coordination.
Preventing complications: By maintaining better posture and reducing muscle tension, orthopedic inserts can help prevent long-term complications of scoliosis, such as premature osteoarthritis or degenerative spinal disorders.

It is important to note that orthotics are only one part of a comprehensive scoliosis treatment plan and should not be used as the sole treatment. They are typically prescribed by a healthcare professional specializing in foot and postural issues, such as a podiatrist or orthopedist, and should be combined with other treatment modalities like physical therapy, exercise, and possibly a supportive brace, depending on the individual needs of the patient.

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When does scoliosis stop?

Scoliosis can develop at different stages of life, but in general, spinal growth stops at the end of adolescence, when the bones have reached maturity and bone growth is complete. However, it is important to note that it can continue to progress in some individuals even after growth has stopped, particularly in cases where the spinal curvature is severe.

For most people with idiopathic scoliosis, which is the most common form of scoliosis with no identifiable cause, the progression of spinal curvature tends to slow down and stop once bone growth is complete. This typically occurs in late adolescence, around age 16 to 18 for girls and 18 to 20 for boys.

However, it is important to note that scoliosis can continue to progress in some individuals even after growth has stopped, particularly in cases where the spinal curvature is severe or when risk factors such as muscle imbalances, poor posture, or excessive spinal use exist. This is why regular medical monitoring is often recommended to track scoliosis progression and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

What makes scoliosis worse?

Several factors can aggravate scoliosis or contribute to its progression. Here are some of the main factors:

Bad posture: Adopting poor posture can put additional pressure on the spine and aggravate existing curvature.
Overweight: Excess weight can lead to additional pressure on the spine, which can worsen the curvature of scoliosis.
Supporting heavy loads: Regularly carrying heavy backpacks on one shoulder or carrying unevenly distributed loads can put uneven pressure on the spine and aggravate scoliosis.
High-impact activities: Some high-impact physical activities, such as jumping, running or contact sports, can put extra pressure on the spine and increase the risk of scoliosis progression.
Genetic factors: Although scoliosis is not entirely genetic, there are genetic predispositions to developing this condition. A family history of scoliosis can increase the risk of developing the condition.
Misuse of the spine: Adopting poor postural habits in daily life, at work or at school can put additional pressure on the spine and aggravate pathology.
Advanced age: In some older people, scoliosis may progress due to degenerative changes in the spine associated with aging.

It's important to note that some of these factors can be controlled or modified to reduce the risk of scoliosis progression. For example, adopting good posture, maintaining a healthy body weight, avoiding asymmetrical heavy lifting and engaging in gentle physical activity can help manage scoliosis and prevent its progression.

Is scoliosis a long-term condition?

In France, scoliosis can be considered a Long-Term Condition (ALD) in certain cases, particularly when it leads to significant functional limitations requiring regular medical monitoring. ALDs are conditions for which prolonged treatment and regular medical surveillance are necessary. They benefit from specific coverage by Health Insurance, which can include coverage for medical consultations, examinations, treatments, and medical devices necessary for managing the condition.

However, not all forms of scoliosis are automatically considered chronic illnesses. The decision to recognize scoliosis as a chronic illness will depend on the severity of the condition, its impact on the patient's daily life, and the need for regular medical monitoring. This decision is made by the treating physician in collaboration with health insurance, based on the criteria defined by French law.

It is therefore recommended to consult a doctor for an accurate assessment of the pathology and to determine if it can be considered a long-term illness (ALD). If this is the case, the patient can benefit from specific management and access to appropriate medical care for the management of their condition.

What's the best sport for scoliosis?

The choice of the best sport for individuals with scoliosis will depend on several factors, including the type and severity of the spinal curvature, associated symptoms, and the individual's personal preferences. However, certain sports and physical activities can be particularly beneficial for strengthening back muscles, improving posture, and promoting overall spinal health. Here are some examples:

Swimming: Swimming is often recommended for people with scoliosis, as it strengthens back muscles and improves spinal flexibility without putting undue pressure on joints.
Yoga and Pilates: These disciplines focus on strengthening core muscles, flexibility and correcting posture, which can be beneficial for people with scoliosis.
Walking: Walking is a low-impact activity that can help strengthen back muscles and improve posture without undue stress on the spine.
Cycling: Cycling, especially on a stationary or upright bike, can be a good option for strengthening back muscles and improving cardiovascular health.
Gentle gymnastics: Some forms of gentle gymnastics, such as stretching or tai chi, can help improve flexibility, balance and coordination, which can be beneficial for people with scoliosis.

It is important to note that each person reacts differently to physical activities, and it is therefore recommended to consult a doctor or a spine specialist before starting a new exercise program, especially in cases of scoliosis. A healthcare professional will be able to recommend activities adapted to each individual's specific situation and provide advice on how best to practice them safely.

Article written by Forlini Orthopedics
Spécialiste de la fabrication de semelles orthopédiques
- Plus de 35 ans d’expérience dans la prise en charge du pied (depuis 1988)
- Plus de 5000 patients accompagnés chaque année en cabinet.
- À l’origine du développement des semelles New Equilibre